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Francis of Assisi - Wikipedia. Saint Francis of Assisi, O. F. M. Co- patron of Italy, founder of the Seraphic Order. Religious, deacon, confessorstigmatist and religious founder. Born. Giovanni di Bernardone. Assisi, Duchy of Spoleto, Holy Roman Empire. Died. 3 October 1. Assisi, Umbria, Papal States. He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women. Along with Saint Catherine of Siena, he was designated Patron saint of Italy. He later became associated with patronage of animals and the natural environment, and it became customary for Catholic and Anglican churches to hold ceremonies blessing animals on his feast day of 4 October. He returned to Italy to organize the Order. Once his community was authorized by the Pope, he withdrew increasingly from external affairs. Francis is also known for his love of the Eucharist. Francis of Assisi supporting the tilting church (attributed to Giotto)Saint Francis Abandons His Father. Francis of Assisi breaking off his relationship with his father and renouncing his patrimony, laying aside publicly even the garments he had received from him. Local news, weather, traffic and sports for St.Francis before the Sultan Al- Kamil of Egypt witnessing the trial by fire (wall fresco, Giotto.). Oldest known portrait in existence of the saint, dating back to St. Francis' retreat to Subiaco (1. Upon his return to Assisi in 1. Francis returned to his carefree life. Louis sports, news, breaking news, lifestyle, parenting, business, entertainment, weather, jobs, autos and real estate listings from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch & STLtoday.com. Check out the latest issue of Golf Digest. Find expert golf equipment reviews, golf course reviews, and the latest golf tips, golf news, video and golf instruction from the pros. In 1. 20. 4, a serious illness led him to a spiritual crisis. A strange vision made him return to Assisi, deepening his ecclesiastical awakening. His Order was authorized by Pope Innocent III in 1. He then founded the Order of Poor Clares, which became an enclosed religious order for women, as well as the Order of Brothers and Sisters of Penance (commonly called the Third Order). As a youth, Francesco became a devotee of troubadours and was fascinated with all things Transalpine. In this account, he was selling cloth and velvet in the marketplace on behalf of his father when a beggar came to him and asked for alms. At the conclusion of his business deal, Francis abandoned his wares and ran after the beggar. When he found him, Francis gave the man everything he had in his pockets. His friends quickly chided and mocked him for his act of charity. When he got home, his father scolded him in rage. In response, they asked him laughingly whether he was thinking of marrying, to which he answered, . He spent much time in lonely places, asking God for spiritual enlightenment. By degrees he took to nursing lepers, the most repulsive victims in the lazar houses near Assisi. After a pilgrimage to Rome, where he joined the poor in begging at the doors of the churches, he said he had a mystical vision of Jesus Christ in the country chapel of San Damiano, just outside Assisi, in which the Icon of Christ Crucified said to him, . In the midst of legal proceedings before the Bishop of Assisi, Francis renounced his father and his patrimony, laying aside even the garments he had received from him in front of the public. For the next couple of months he lived as a beggar in the region of Assisi. Returning to the countryside around the town for two years, he embraced the life of a penitent, during which he restored several ruined chapels in the countryside around Assisi, among them the Porziuncola, the little chapel of St. Mary of the Angels just outside the town, which later became his favorite abode. The sermon was about Matthew 1. Christ tells his followers they should go forth and proclaim that the Kingdom of Heaven was upon them, that they should take no money with them, nor even a walking stick or shoes for the road. Francis was inspired to devote himself to a life of poverty. Within a year Francis had eleven followers. Francis chose never to be ordained a priest, and the community lived as . In 1. 20. 9, Francis led his first eleven followers to Rome to seek permission from Pope Innocent III to found a new religious Order. The Cardinal, who was the confessor of Pope Innocent III, was immediately sympathetic to Francis and agreed to represent Francis to the pope. Reluctantly, Pope Innocent agreed to meet with Francis and the brothers the next day. After several days, the pope agreed to admit the group informally, adding that when God increased the group in grace and number, they could return for an official admittance. The group was tonsured. Though Pope Innocent initially had his doubts, following a dream in which he saw Francis holding up the Basilica of St. John Lateran (the cathedral of Rome, thus the 'home church' of all Christendom), he decided to endorse Francis' Order. This occurred, according to tradition, on April 1. Franciscan Order. They were centered in the Porziuncola and preached first in Umbria, before expanding throughout Italy. On the night of Palm Sunday, March 2. Clare clandestinely left her family's palace. Francis received her at the Porziuncola and thereby established the Order of Poor Ladies, later called Poor Clares. Later he transferred them to San Damiano. For those who could not leave their homes, he later formed the Third Order of Brothers and Sisters of Penance, a fraternity composed of either laity or clergy whose members neither withdrew from the world nor took religious vows. Instead, they observed the principles of Franciscan life in their daily lives. In the late spring of 1. Jerusalem, but he was shipwrecked by a storm on the Dalmatian coast, forcing him to return to Italy. On May 8, 1. 21. 3, he was given the use of the mountain of La Verna (Alverna) as a gift from Count Orlando di Chiusi, who described it as . Back in Assisi, several noblemen (among them Tommaso da Celano, who would later write the biography of St. Francis) and some well- educated men joined his Order. In 1. 21. 5, Francis went again to Rome for the Fourth Lateran Council. During this time, he probably met a canon, Dominic de Guzman. In 1. 21. 7, he offered to go to France. Cardinal Ugolino of Segni (the future Pope Gregory IX), an early and important supporter of Francis, advised him against this and said that he was still needed in Italy. In 1. 21. 9, accompanied by another friar and hoping to convert the Sultan of Egypt or win martyrdom in the attempt, Francis went to Egypt during the Fifth Crusade where a Crusader army had been encamped for over a year besieging the walled city of Damietta two miles (3. Nile. The Sultan, al- Kamil, a nephew of Saladin, had succeeded his father as Sultan of Egypt in 1. Damietta, unable to relieve it. A bloody and futile attack on the city was launched by the Christians on August 2. The scene in the fresco adopts a position midway between the two extremes. According to some late sources, the Sultan gave Francis permission to visit the sacred places in the Holy Land and even to preach there. All that can safely be asserted is that Francis and his companion left the Crusader camp for Acre, from where they embarked for Italy in the latter half of 1. Drawing on a 1. 26. Bonaventure, later sources report that the Sultan secretly converted or accepted a death- bed baptism as a result of the encounter with Francis. It received concessions from the Mameluke Sultan in 1. Holy Places in Jerusalem and Bethlehem, and (so far as concerns the Catholic Church) jurisdictional privileges from Pope Clement VI in 1. Upon receiving a report of the martyrdom of five brothers in Morocco, Francis returned to Italy via Venice. Another reason for Francis' return to Italy was that the friars in Italy were causing problems. The Franciscan Order had grown at an unprecedented rate compared to prior religious orders, but its organizational sophistication had not kept up with this growth and had little more to govern it than Francis' example and simple rule. However, it also introduced greater institutional structure though this was never officially endorsed by the pope. When numerous miracles were attributed to the deceased brother, people started to flock to the Porziuncola, disturbing the daily life of the Franciscans. Francis then prayed, asking Peter to stop the miracles and to obey in death as he had obeyed during his life. The reports of miracles ceased. Brother Peter was succeeded by Brother Elias as Vicar of Francis. Two years later, Francis modified the . In addition, it set regulations for discipline, preaching, and entry into the Order. This angel gave him the gift of the five wounds of Christ. In the end, he was brought back to a hut next to the Porziuncola. Here, in the place where it all began, feeling the end approaching, he spent the last days of his life dictating his spiritual Testament. He died on the evening of Saturday, October 3, 1. Psalm 1. 42 (1. 41), . On July 1. 6, 1. 22. Pope Gregory IX (the former cardinal Ugolino di Conti, friend of St. Francis and Cardinal Protector of the Order). The next day, the Pope laid the foundation stone for the Basilica of Saint Francis in Assisi. Francis was buried on May 2. Lower Basilica, but his tomb was soon hidden on orders of Brother Elias to protect it from Saracen invaders. His exact burial place remained unknown until it was re- discovered in 1. Pasquale Belli then constructed for the remains a crypt in neo- classical style in the Lower Basilica. It was refashioned between 1. Ugo Tarchi, stripping the wall of its marble decorations. In 1. 97. 8, the remains of St. Francis were examined and confirmed by a commission of scholars appointed by Pope Paul VI, and put into a glass urn in the ancient stone tomb. Character and legacy. Poverty was so central to his character that in his last written work, the Testament, he said that absolute personal and corporate poverty was the essential lifestyle for the members of his Order. He called all creatures his . He referred to his chronic illnesses as his . His deep sense of brotherhood under God embraced others, and he declared that . He used real animals to create a living scene so that the worshipers could contemplate the birth of the child Jesus in a direct way, making use of the senses, especially sight.
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